File Viewing & Editing

Bash

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# View file content

cat file.txt

# View file with pagination

less file.txt

# Show first 10 lines

head file.txt

# Show last 10 lines

tail file.txt

# Follow file changes in real-time (logs)

tail -f /var/log/syslog

# Create or overwrite a file

echo "Hello World" > hello.txt

# Append to a file

echo "Another line" >> hello.txt

# Open file in nano editor

nano file.txt

File Copying & Moving

Bash

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# Copy file

cp file.txt backup.txt

# Copy directory recursively

cp -r my_folder backup_folder

# Move or rename file

mv oldname.txt newname.txt

# Move file to another directory

mv file.txt /path/to/destination/

Searching

Bash

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# Search for a word in a file

grep "keyword" file.txt

# Search recursively in a directory

grep -r "keyword" /path/to/search/

# Find files by name

find /path/to/search -name "*.txt"

# Find files modified in last 1 day

find . -mtime -1

Permissions & Ownership

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# Show file permissions

ls -l

# Change file permissions (read/write/execute)

chmod 755 script.sh

# Change file owner

sudo chown user:group file.txt

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